Center for Louisiana Studies Archival Catalog
This searchable database provides information on images, documents, and audio and video recordings, made between 1934 and the present.
Interview with Oran "Doc" Guidry (cont.)
00:05 - Discussing Doc's health ailments with his wife;
01:45 - Doc mentions that he hasn't played his fiddle since his health started declining;
03:00 - Worked for the state starting in 1960 working with the Alcoholic Beverage Control;
03:50 - Talking about his dad's old fiddle - it was lost when someone was working on it;
06:00 - Harold Romero
07:00 - His mother gave him a fiddle from E.T. Root and Sons in Chicago - it was on display at the Chicago World's Fair
11:55 - His mom played the fiddle - she taught him "Over the Waves;"
13:30 - Interview with Pete Bergeron - talking about his Cajun musician project;
Interview with Oscar Bernard
01:00 - Born July 11, 1943,
01:15 - Rod started taking guitar lessons from their neighbor, an Army recruiter, Oscar would pick the guitar up occasionally and play on it;
03:00 - Talking about the house he grew up in. Parents told Rod that if he picked enough pecans and saved money, he could get a guitar
04:30 - Their parents eventually got a better guitar when he showed enough interest and talent;
04:50 - Poony Tatman helped them figure out what guitar to buy;
07:00 - Rod's first gig - Blue Room at a feed store;
08:50 - Oscar never toured with Rod, The farthest he went for a gig in Baton Rouge;
10:00 - Moving to Winnie, TX, would play at school talent shows;
10:30 - Huey Meaux was their barber in Winnie. At that point, Huey wasn't in the music business;
11:15 - More about the family's moves back to LA and then back to TX;
12:45 - Learning how to play the upright bass when he was in the 8th grade;
14:10 - Formation of The Twisters - Oscar eventually joined on bass, he was the youngest member;
16:00 - First gig with them was at the community center in Egan;
18:00 - Mischievous things they'd do - Bought some cherry bomb fireworks and would put them into a mailbox;
20:30 - Story about leaving Church Point, running late for a gig. Drove around in a circle and ended up back in Church Point;
22:30 - Skip Stuart; The Original Boogie Kings; The Flames;
26:20 - Auditioning for a job at the Original Pat's in Henderson; Pat didn't like the trombone in their band;
27:00 - Oscar had a knack for leaning to play instruments quickly;
29:00 - High School Band - Learned to play French horn, baritone, coronet;
33:45 - Local clubs;
34:10 - Didn't have a television growing up, listened to radio and records often;
35:00 - Discussing other family member's involvement in music;
37:45 - Building speaker cabinets; Bixby Tailpiece; Speaker enclosures;
40:00 - Gear used for gigs / driving to gigs;
Interviews with Oscar Bernard (cont.) and Bernard "King Karl" Jolivette
00:00 - Discussion on musical scales and theory;
04:30 - guitar equation - explaining how a string vibrates and makes a tone;
07:15 - Shondells guitar solos;
09:10 - Played guitar on one of Eddy Raven's records;
11:00 - Discussing good guitarists, says there are so many great, unknown musicians;
12:10 - modern music;
13:45 - Oscar says that Rod was a great band leader;
16:30 - Musical influences - Hank Williams,;
18:00 - Worked for Boeing;
20:00 - Astronaut pens
22:55 - Interview with Bernard "King Karl" Jolivette joined by Ricky Rees
23:20 - Background - Born December 22, 1931, Learned from his uncle, John Abes - played country and blues music;
26:00 - First band when he was 13 years old, didn't have a band name;
27:00 - Played guitar with accordionist Howard Broussard;
27:20 - Moved to Beaumont in 1949, played some gigs with Lloyd Price;
28:50 - Served at Fort Hood for two years;
29:20 - Met Guitar Gable while working at the sweet potato kiln in Sunset;
31:00 - Putting together a band - Guitar Gable and the Musical Kings Featuring King Karl;
35:30 - Writing songs; "Life Problems;"
35:40 - Went to Eddie Shuler in Lake Charles to record the song, he wasn't there, so they went to Crowley and recorded for J.D. Miller;
37:30 - copywriting songs;
38:20 - "Irene;"
38:45 - Musical influences - Lloyd Price;
40:30 - Learning how to play music - first started on harmonica. Played sax, traded it for a guitar;
41:45 - Songs he wrote - "Irene," "Life Problems," "This Should Go On Forever," "Congo Mambo;"
42:15 - Clarence "Jockey" Etienne;
43:40 - Touring - Michigan Blues Festival;
45:00 - White/black sound - Warren Storm's style
Interviews with Bernard "King Karl" Jolivette and Elwood "Bobby Page" Dugas
Interview with King Karl (cont.):
00:10 - Playing white clubs;
01:00 - "This Should Go On Forever;"
01:45 - Discussing Rod Bernard's version of the song. After it became successful, Bernard says J.D. Miller released a poor recording (maybe a practice tape) of King Karl singing it;
04:00 - Writing songs with Rod Bernard;
05:45 - Gigs they played - Clubs, Jamborees,
08:25 - Recording with Ernie Young in Nashville - Nesco Label
09:15 - Stage name "King Karl." Used the name Chuck Brown when recording with Young so that they wouldn't have to deal with Miller;
12:00 - Played gigs with Rockin' Bob, Rosco Chenier, C.D. and the Bluerunners;
14:30 - Backed Clifton Chenier for a couple of gigs;
14:55 - Other favorites - Otis Redding, B.B. King, ;
15:45 - Defining the term "Swamp Pop;" He considers himself Rhythm and Blues, not Swamp Pop;
17:00 - Rock 'n' roll vs. rhythm and blues;
18:15 - Playing white clubs - Bernard says he never had much trouble, had one issue in Mamou;
21:00 - J.D. Miller;
27:00 - Interview with Bobby Page:
27:15 - Background - Born in Rayne in December 19, 1938;
27:40 - Early experiences in music - First person to play music in his family. Influenced by Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Fats Domino;
28:40 - High school band - played trombone;
29:15 - Started the Riff Raffs in 1956;
30:25 - Original members of Riff Raffs - Julian Savoy, V.J. Boulet, Howard Ratliff, Bessyl Duhon, Albert Nugent, George Hanks, R.L. Duhon;
31:30 - "Loneliness;"
33:00 - Band history, name, members coming and going;
33:30 - Typical weeks for the band, clubs and cities played;
34:40 - Hip et Taieau; Name explanation - "Calling the dog."
36:00 - Explaining how he got the nickname "Booga;"
37:00 - Bobby B and the Rockers (Bobby Bourque);
40:00 - Potential for reissuing some of the old recordings;
40:30 - Myra Smith;
42:20 - Discussing the term "swamp pop;"
trombone;
Interview with Elwood "Bobby Page" Dugas (cont.) and Roland Robin
Interview with Bobby Page (cont.):
00:00 - Explaining the name Riff Raffs / Rift Raffs ;
00:40 - Changing name to Bobby Page - Combination of Bobby Charles and Patti Page;
02:15 - Plumbing work - Did this during the daytime and music at night;
03:20 - Discussing RAM Records, Myra Smith;
04:45 - Recorded in Shreveport, New Orleans, Saint Martinville. Dego Redlich, Carol Rachou, J.D. Miller, Bill Hall;
06:00 - Recorded "Hip et Taieau" at J.D. Miller's studio;
07:00 - More about Myra Smith;
09:45 - He speaks French
11:00 - Discussing Swamp Pop, rock 'n' roll vs. rhythm and blues;
12:30 - First paying job - Lloyd's Bar in Rayne in 1956;
14:30 - Drug use within the scene;
20:25 - Interview with Roland Robin:
21:35 - Background - Born June 13, 1936 in Duson, Moved to Lafayette at 13 and attended Cathedral High. Attended Tulane from 1954-58;
22:25 - Graduated from Northeastern in 1963, is a registered pharmacist;
23:15 - Getting into the music business - Had written and recorded some songs at J.D. Miller's for RAM;
25:00 - Musical tastes - Rhythm and Blues, Rockabilly;
26:00 - There was a lack of booking agents in Monroe during the time he was in school, so he started an agency;
28:30 - Worked a 1 year apprenticeship while in school while running his agency;
29:10 - Forming N-joy records - Noticed that artists didn't make much money, decided to take the next step and form the label;
29:50 - Bands signed - John Fred, Duayne Yates,;
31:15 - Studios used - Cosimo's, La Louisiane, Floyd Soileau - Used record press in Memphis;
33:50 - New CD compilations;
34:00 - J.D. Miller and Floyd Soileau;
38:00 - Groups managed/produced;
38:30 - John Fred and the Playboys - "Boogie Children;"
41:20 - Stan Lewis was one of Roland's distributors, Floyd Soileau, also. Never set up his own distribution network;
42:55 - After college - ended up owning a pharmacy, continued running his label and agency;
43:40 - Quitting the music business;
Interviews with Roland Robin (cont.) and Gene Terry
Interview with Roland Robin (cont.):
01:00 - Sam Phillips, Sun Records, Holiday Inn Records;
03:30 - Ron Gray - Hannah-Barbara;
05:30 - Regional hits;
08:15 - Diversifying business dealings;
10:00 - Other artists recorded - Dennis Norris, Billy Leadbetter;
12:40 - "Cajun Twist;"
15:40 - Life after the music business - sold his pharmacy in 1969 or 1970, real estate, Restaurants;
20:45 - Paragon Group - Land development business;
24:10 - Ram Records and Myra Smith
26:00 - Star Trek crank call
30:30 - Interview with Gene Terry:
31:00 - Personal info - Terry Gene DeRouen, Born in Lafayette on January 7, 1940, Moved to TX in 1942;
34:20 - Musicians in the family - Father played piano and guitar and his grandfather (Raymond DeRouen) played accordion and fiddle, Uncle (R.C. DeRouen) plays drums;
36:00 - Attended a house dance when he was young
37:00 - Old family violin;
39:30 - Musical offspring - One of his sons was killed in a car wreck in 1983;
41:30 - Influence of Cajun music on his style;
42:20 - Discussing the term "swamp pop;"
Interviews with Gene Terry (cont.), Van Broussard, and Jay Randall
Interview with Gene Terry (cont.):
00:40 - Musical influences - Big Bopper, Fats Domino, Joe Turner, Little Richard;
02:00 - Building a band;
02:30 - Playing the Moulin Rouge;
05:20 - Goldband Records;
06:20 - Used a 9 piece band in 1958;
08:30 - "Cindy Lou;" - studio setup;
11:15 - Phil Phillips - "Sea of Love;"
13:00 - Downbeat Band;
13:50 - "Teardrops In My Eyes;"
16:00 - Other work done at Goldband that was never released;
18:15 - Was a police officer in the late 60s, Currently works at DuPont plant;
19:05 - Janice Joplin tribute show;
21:40 - Interview with Van Broussard:
21:55 - Background - March 29, 1937 in Prairieville;
22:15 - Musicians in the family - Grandfather played violin, played with Hank Williams, Sr. on the Louisiana Hayride, sister is Grace Broussard;
24:00 - Musical influences - B.B. King, Cookie and the Cupcakes, Joe Turner;
26:40 - Covered "Lord, I Need Somebody Bad," Van says he released that song before Warren Storm;
27:40 - "Feed the Flame" Came out in 1958, was one of his hits;
29:45 - James Rogers - Owned Bayou Boogie Label;
30:45 - Defining swamp pop / Bayou Boogie;
32:00 - Gigs;
35:00 - "Jambalaya;"
36:20 - Speaking French;
37:45 - Johnnie Allan's book;
38:50 - Jimmy Donley;
Interview with Jay Randall:
40:00 - Background - Born February 11, 1940 in Opelousas, no family members play music;
40:45 - Learning guitar, by late 50s, he was sitting in with bands at the Southern Club and the Teen Center in Opelousas;
41:45 - The Electras;
42:00 - The Epics;
43:00 - "Stop and Think It Over" Jay says he wrote it, not Graffanino, but he never got any credit or payment;
43:40 - Sat in with the Boogie Kings, Cookie and the Cupcakes, Johnny Rivers;
45:25 - Musical influences - Otis Redding, Percy Sledge, Fats Domino;
Interview with Dale Houston
00:20 - Background - Born in Seminary, MS in 1940, no relatives played music;
01:25 - Noticed he was musically inclined when he was 12 years old - played in church, father was a preacher;
03:30 - Instruments played - Piano, drums, guitar, bass;
04:20 - Moved to Baton Rouge at age 13 - His father got a job with Sears;
05:00 - Musical influences - Rod Bernard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Elvis Presley also listened to alot of Gospel music;
07:45 - Meeting Jimmy Clanton - was around 1954, they met through music, Dale played some gigs with him;
12:00 - Johnny Rivers , Dale and the Comics;
13:25 - "Lonely Man" Recorded at Cosimo's for Sam Montalbano;
14:00 - John Fred;
15:20 - Sam "S.J." Montalbano - had a music/dance TV show in Baton Rouge in addition to his label and management;
16:45 - Defining "Swamp Pop;"
21:15 - Jimmy Donley, Joe Barry;
22:30 - Dale says he felt Cajun even though he was born in Mississippi;
24:25 - Moved to Texas, formed The El Paso Comics;
25:40 - Moved back to Ferriday, in North Louisiana. Learned some piano with Jerry Lee Lewis, met in the late 50s;
29:30 - Moved back to Baton Rouge, met Grave Broussard in 1963;
30:15 - Odd Jobs - worked construction, played music on nights and weekends, also did iron work;
31:35 - Grace Broussard - Met Grace Broussard through Montel at La Louisiane in Lafayette;
33:20 - Recording "I'm Leaving it up to You" using 30 or 40 minutes of spare studio time; There was no plan for her to record, she was only at the studio as a "date";
37:40 - Huey Meaux's involvment in "I'm Leaving it up to You"; (Tape is cut off);
38:10 - "Stop and Think it Over" went to number 5 on the national charts;
40:30 - "Leaving it up to You" writers - Don Harris and Dewey Terry;
41:30 - rock 'n' roll influences; - Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Rod Bernard, Joe Barry, etc;
42:00 - duo influences - The Everly Brothers;
44:20 - Jay Chevalier;
Interviews with Gene Terry (cont.), Van Broussard, and Jay Randall
00:10 - Roy Perkins - session bassist at La Louisiane;
01:00 - "Stop and Think it Over" - recorded at Cosimo Matassa's in New Orleans, never recorded at La Louisiane again;
02:45 - Montel called while they were in Las Vegas when they got a call that "I'm Leaving it up to You" was released and became a hit. Went to perform on Dick Clark's American Bandstand;
03:50 - Dick Clark Tour;
04:10 - They were on tour in Dallas, TX the same day as the Kennedy assassination - saw him in the motorcade; recollects when they heard he had been killed;
05:50 - Dale and Grace after the hit - cut more songs in B.R., went on the road in the midwest
06:50 - esophagus ruptured in 1964 - was hospitalized and in a coma for about 3 weeks;
11:30 - singing again after the injury;
13:00 - He thinks the injury and the following time for recovery did damage to their careers;
13:40 - "Loneliest Night of the Week" released in 1965. Dale said he didn't think there was any change in his voice
14:15 - Another national tour;
14:55 - Back to Baton Rouge - They recorded a few more tunes that weren't successful;
15:15 - The end of Dale and Grace in 1967 - Mutual, peaceful break-up, both wanted to go out on their own
16:30 - Moved to and worked in Atlanta, Georgia at a club called Chicken Haven, then went to Panama City, Florida;
19:00 - Moved to Knoxville, Tennessee to work with Bill Burnett;
19:35 -"Nobody Cares if a Fool Wants to Cry" and "Day by Day";
21:00 - No longer has a day job, on disability - Was injured at a printing company
22:00 - Dale and the Houston Solution; Pat Houston, Dale's wife performs with them;
22:30 - Best country pianist award;
22:40 - Reunion with Grace, Royalties for "I'm Leaving it up to You";
26:00 - Upcoming performances;
29:30 - Relationship with Grace;
31:00 - Philandering in Las Vegas;
31:30 - Discussing Rod Bernard's songs;
34:30 - England contacts;
38:10 - Shane Bernard explains the internet for Dale Houston
Interviews with John Brove
Interview with John Broven - Takes place at Johnnie Allan's house in Lafayette, LA
00:30 - Background - Born in Maidstone, Kent, November 4 1942, Raised in Ponegate;
01:20 - Education - Was a "war baby." Great emphasis was put on education;
03:20 - Career in banking, recently retired allowing him to follow his musical interests;
07:20 - Writing liner notes, two books, editor of Blues Unlimited Magazine;
10:00 - Early interest in music;
11:55 - Mike Leadbetter, record collecting;
13:20 - American artists on British labels;
16:00 - "This Should Go On Forever" release in the UK;
19:15 - Contact with Eddie Shuler - he sent two boxes of Goldband 45s to England - first Cajun music they ever heard in the UK;
20:15 - Cajun Corner - Newspaper articles;
23:30 - Coining the term "swamp pop;"
28:20 - Defining "Swamp Pop" - "Not just slow ballads with triplets;"
30:00 - Dr. John;
31:20 - Popularity of Swamp Pop in England;
34:50 - Beatles "Oh Darling;"
35:30 - Interview with Harry Simoneaux - May 3, 1992:
35:45 - Swamp Pop definition - "Half Domino, half fais do-do;"
37:35 - Dr. John's definition of Swamp Pop, Three chords and triplets;
39:00 - Joe Carl - Harry worked with him, recorded at J.D. Miller's, discusses their influences;
41:00 - One of his albums was called "Swamp Rock" in the early 1980s;
43:00 - Fats Domino's influence; Harry calls him the originator of Swamp Pop;
43:30 - Bobby Charles - Harry says it's difficult to categorize him;
43:55 - Harry was in the "See You Later, Alligator" session - Took them 30 takes to nail it. Recorded two songs in two days at Cosimo Matassa's;
45:40 - Larry Benicewicz's article;
Interviews with Gene Terry (cont.), Van Broussard, and Jay Randall
00:15 - The emotion in cajun music is evident in Swamp Pop;
00:40 - Rod Bernard's - "Colinda"
01:00 - Diatonic accordion use in Swamp Pop - Cant play minor chords on it. Its limitations kept it from being used;
02:00 - Blackie Forestier's attempt at a Swamp Pop song;
02:45 - Belton Richard - Harry says he gets as close to "Swamp Pop" on the accordion as anyone;
04:15 - The accordions inability to convey emotion. Harry says the accordion always sounds the same no matter how you are feeling;
05:10 - Born in Galiano, LA on July 7, 1936;
Interviews with Huey "Cookie" Thierry and Ernest Jacobs
00:30 - Background - Born August 16, 1936
01:00 - Musicians in the family - Father played fiddle and accordion, mother played guitar. They'd play Creole Dances. Father was a construction worker;
01:35 - Both parents spoke Creole French, Huey never played French music professionally, but would play some songs around the house;
02:00 - Influences - Fats Domino, likes Country and Western music;
03:50 - Born between Welsh and Jennings;
04:30 - French Influence;
05:10 - Forming the Cupcakes;
06:30 - Recording for George Khoury - He said they knew nothing about royalities at that point;
09:50 - Talking more about when he first met that band that would become the Cupcakes - around 1949-50;
10:20 - Contract signed with Eddie Shuler;
11:00 - Discussing how they came up with "Cookie and the Cupcakes" name;
13:10 - "Cindy Lou" recording and release;
15:00 - First "Swamp Pop" band - Shane asks where the sound from "Mathilda" came from;
17:15 - Recorded the original "Mathilda" at KOAK in Lake Charles;
19:20 - "Got You on my Mind"
20:00 - "Belinda"
22:00 - "Twisted" - No writers credit on the record, Cookie wrote it;
24:55 - Working with Shuler and Khoury;
26:25 - Judd label leased "Mathilda" from Khoury, then went bankrupt on the lease. To pay off the band, he gave them a nice bus, but it was broken down;
29:00 - Songs being released overseas without their knowledge;
29:30 - History of the Cupcakes, Cookie was initially a stagehand;
33:00 - Band actually played gigs without Cookie under the same name;
33:40 - Cookie Imposters, Guitar Gable imposter;
34:45 - Cookie moved to California after leaving the band. Worked in a hospital;
38:00 - Rumors that Cookie was killed in a car wreck;
40:00 - Discussing a car accident that he was in;
43:25 - Cupcake reunion - Performed a benefit for a terminally ill band member;
46:20 - Ernest discusses trying to locate Cookie in California;
Interviews with Huey "Cookie" Thierry and Ernest Jacobs (cont.)
00:10 - Ernest talks about searching for and finding Cookie in L.A.;
04:30 - Cookie sings again, goes back home;
07:00 - Experiencing an earthquake;
09:00 - Returning to Louisiana (late 1992);
10:30 - Race relations in the 1950s and 1960s - white women weren't allowed to approach the bandstand;
13:00 - Rumors about Cookie, women would flirt with the band;
14:50 - Green Lantern Club;
16:00 - Women would hide in their station wagon after shows;
19:00 - Needed a state deputy to escort them into and out of Opelousas;
19:30 - New projects - "Playing it by ear";
22:45 - Swamp pop ballad sound;
29:00 - Prior to Cookie joining the band - The Boogie Ramblers;
Interviews with Huey "Cookie" Thierry and Ernest Jacobs
00:45 - Blues scene in Louisiana in his early days. Most of his blues artists came from Southwest LA and East TX;
03:30 - Lee Baker Jr. "Lonnie Brooks;"
05:30 - Major labels struggled with blues artists. Eddie says recordings were to "slick";
06:00 - Eddie's approach to recording Blues music;
07:20 - Started recording Blues artists before any other genre;
07:50 - James Freeman "Big Leg Mama" from around 1945. Lost masters;
09:00 - Other blues artists recorded - Bill Parker, Clarence Garlow;
11:00 - Recorded his band, The All-Star Reveliers, first;
11:10 - Hackberry Ramblers - their radio show and early Shuler recordings;
13:40 - Guitar Slim and T-Bone Walker - their influence on other artists;
15:40 - Southwest LA blues clubs;
17:50 - "Zydeco Blues" - Marcel Dugas, Rockin' Sidney, Thadius Declouet, Little Latour;
20:20 - Discussing Clifton Chenier and Boozoo Chavis - Boozoo's "Paper in My Shoe" was leased to Imperial and sold 136,000 copies;
21:30 - Lawrence Chenier - Clifton's uncle who taught him;
24:00 - Local Blues clubs;
26:00 - Story about the son of the mayor of New York - Offered to buy a Goldband 45 from a discjockey for $300;
27:45 - Ivory Jackson - Drummer for Cookie and the Cupcakes and for Phil Phillips;
28:20 - Clarence Garlow;
29:19 - Al Smith;
29:30 - "Chicken Stump"
30:20 - Lazy Lester;
31:20 - Ashton Savoy, Katie Webster, Barbara Lynn;
33:30 - Lonesome Sundown
34:00 - "Left-handed" Charlie Morris;
35:20 - Walter Price;
36:00 - Little Miss Peggy, Bill Parker, Cal Miller, Little Latour;
42:00 - Joe Turner's influence;
Interviews with R.A. "Beedy" Herpin; Hazel Herpin; and Dalton Comeaux
Interview with Raymond Herpin:
00:40 - Real name - Raymond Andrew Herpin, discussing his nickname;
01:00 - background - Born September 1, 1918 in Crowley;
01:45 - Mother was from Beaumont, TX, he never learned to speak French;
02:20 - Education;
03:15 - Was in the Army when Pearl Harbor happened, was stationed at Barksdale, Discussing what made him join;
04:45 - Stationed in Shreveport, Albuquerque, Las Vegas, Salt Lake City. Was a welder, crew chief, flight chief. Discharged in 1945;
07:00 - Didn't pilot planes, but assisted the pilots as a flight engineer;
08:10 - Highest rank was staff Seargent
08:30 - Cultural differences in different parts of the country;
10:40 - Other people who he served with who spoke French - Only one person from Broussard who he knew;
12:00 - Says he never felt out of place while serving;
13:00 - After serving, worked in the family business - Laundry pressing and dry cleaning;
16:00 - Discussing the planes that he flew on;
17:30 - Interview with Hazel Bernard Herpin:
18:00 - Went to Opelousas High School, Born in 1927,
18:20 - Didn't speak French, never saw kids punished for speaking French in school;
20:40 - Graduated from High School in 1945, then went to school to become a cadet nurse;
21:20 - Living in Baton Rouge for school;
23:00 - French in school;
27:00 - Her grandmother spoke Creole French
29:30 - Plantation homes in Saint Francisville;
30:20 - Interview with Dalton Comeaux:
30:30 - Background - Born in 1922 in Maurice. Went to High School in Indian Bayou;
31:20 - Speaks French - his mother spoke very little English;
33:15 - Learned English in school;
33:40 - Punishment for speaking French in school;
37:25 - Les Americains;
40:00 - French in the family;
40:40 - Creation of CODOFIL - shift in how people looked down on French speakers;
41:00 - Dalton discusses how being able to speak French helped him throughout his life;
41:40 - Teaching in Tunisia - Taught them how to raise beef and dairy cattle, did all of his teaching in French;
44:00 - Retired after returning from Tunisia;
Interviews with Dalton and Evelyn Comeaux
Interview with Dalton Comeaux (cont.):
00:40 - Continued teaching in Africa - Made five short trips to train them for beef cattle production and dairy production;
02:00 - One of his students came back to the states, went to Texas A&M and got his Master's degree a Ph.D. in two years;
04:00 - Finished high school in 1939 and started at U.S.L.;
05:10 - Was the second sibling in his family to graduate from college;
06:00 - Joined the Army, went to Cheyenne, Wyoming for basic training
07:55 - Had a brother who died in the service during an invasion near Tunisia;
09:00 - Adjusting to being far away from home;
12:00 - 89th Division - Duties as T/5;
14:50 - French background;
15:50 - Medical discharge - Got some kind of ear infection that led to a hearing loss;
08:00 - Dalton's wife Evelyn joins the conversation;
18:30 - Evelyn started teaching English in 1942 and was a part-time librarian;
19:00 - Started at Thibodeaux High
19:20 - French speaking students - says she had some, but not as many as the Opelousas;
20:20 - She says there was no pressure from the state to not allow French on the school grounds at the point;
20:50 - French at home;
21:20 - learned Standard French - 2 years in high school, 2 years in college;
22:15 - Got her Master's in Library Science at LSU;
23:00 - integrating Opelousas High students and teachers - Some picketers were blocking the entire entrance;
24:45 - Protests at school board meeting;
27:00 - Teachers being reassigned;
32:50 - Moved to Saint Landry Parish in 1946, she took off work for 3-4 years, then started teaching in Washington, LA
33:00 - Problems at Washington High in 1954 - Assistant Principal thought that the school was too progressive;
38:00 - Culture shock;
39:25 - Changing attitudes towards Cajuns;
40:45 - Evelyn's heritage - Toups family;
42:30 - Was in charge of beef and dairy cattle enterprises in Saint Landry Parish
43:45 - Using bi-planes for seeding rice fields;
44:20 - Technology in agriculture - Insect control
Interviews with Dalton and Evelyn Comeaux, Barbara Secardo, Curney Dronet
Interview with Dalton and Evelyn Comeaux (cont.):
00:00 - Using airplanes in agriculture - Dalton uses aircraft to plant rice seed;
00:55 - Other changes in agriculture in St. Landry Parish;
03:00 - Sharecropping;
06:30 - Crops grown - Sweet potatoes, sugarcane, rice, cotton;
08:55 - Cattle operations went down when soybean farming became popular in the 70s;
11:00 - Rotating crawfish and rice farming;
12:30 - Advances in insect control;
13:55 - Attending a Swiss livestock show;
15:15 - Importance of agriculture in South Louisiana;
Interview with Barbara Secardo:
18:30 - Her father helped start Cotton Bros. Bakery;
19:00 - Story about Echo and Poland, LA during WWII- When Hitler took over the nation of Poland, locals saw headlines and thought they were referring to their small town;
23:10 - Italian POWs;
24:00 - Italian American citizens couldn't own weapons during WWII;
28:00 - Friend's father was at Pearl Harbor;
28:30 - Boarding soldiers and wives at their home;
30:00 - Sheriff Didier;
32:30 - Music in the family
35:35 - Interview with Curney Dronet - September 12, 1997
36:00 - Americanization of Cajuns after WWII;
37:50 - Discussing the oil boom in South LA;
43:00 - Glen Conrad's classification of Acadians as Creoles
44:20 - Dronet's heritage - French and Spanish;
Interview with Curney Dronet and Robert Leblanc; Interview with Louise Landry and Dave Landry
00:00 - Being stationed in Scotland for training;
01:10 - Being debriefed on situation going on in France, they had to know the French language for this;
02:10 - Description of OSS teams and their jobs;
05:30 - Was assigned to the 4th armored division;
07:40 - Description of tasks - Provided security for Patton's convoys, guarded POWs, provided intelligence;
09:00 - Returning to U.S. for training and then was deployed to French Indochina - trained people over there for espionage work;
10:00 - End of the war; returning home;
10:30 - State of education before WWII;
11:35 - Studied Geology at LSU, had not graduated by the time he was called to duty;
12:10 - Never registered for the Draft because he was an ROTC cadet;
12:50 - His family owned the first radio in Abbeville, Only station they caught was WWL;
15:00 - Robert LeBlanc's background - Born north of Erath in 1921, moved to Abbeville when his father went work at the Accessor's office;
15:30 - Charles Donald Frederick's death at Pearl Harbor;
18:30 - Glen Conrad and Carl Brasseaux's definitions of Cajun and Creole;
20:00 - LeBlanc talks about joining the service after Pearl Harbor;
23:20 - Response to the Pearl Harbor attack;
24:45 - LeBlanc spoke very little English when he started grade school. He discusses learning English in school;
25:55 - He was never punished for speaking French, but talks about how other students were punished;
29:30 - Hiring of non-local, non-French speaking teachers;
31:30 - Discussing how bilingualism is valuable;
32:25 - Shame felt for not being able to speak English;
35:00 - Americanization;
35:45 - LeBlanc telling a story about having dinner with some French people, he used the word "asteur" which caught the ear of the older people;
40:20 - Culture shock when entering the service;
43:30 - Slang from different regions
44:15 - "Frenchie" nickname; name mispronunciation
Interview with Robert LeBlanc and Curney Dronet
00:00 - French speakers calling non-French speakers "les Americains" during WWII;
05:30 - Next generation of French speakers - Talking about not teaching their children French in the 40s, 50s and 60s;
09:30 - Discussing the Cold War; Political Conflicts;
10:30 - Red scare in Acadiana;
14:15 - Ho Chi Minh;
15:45 - McCarthyism in Louisiana;
18:00 - Discussing impractical military equipment;
19:55 - Local perception of the Vietnam war;
23:30 - Vietnam war protesters on college campuses
25:00 - Education debate - thoughts on Technical Schools, Community Colleges and Liberal Arts Schools;
31:25 - G.I Bill - Education for veterans;
33:00 - Education in Vermillion Parish;
36:00 - Walter McIlhenny;
37:30 - Leaving home for training;
38:00 - Attending a 6-week course on nuclear weapons in Kansas;
39:30 - Rundown of Leblanc's military career;
40:55 - Civil defense;
42:20 - Threat of nuclear war during the Cold War;
42:45 - Bogalusa Civil Rights March;
Interview with Curney Dronet and Robert Leblanc; Interview with Louise Landry and Dave Landry
Interview with Dronet and Leblanc (cont.):
00:30 - Contingency plans for Vermilion Parish in case of nuclear war;
00:50 - Fallout shelters;
02:30 - Nuclear drills for local officials
04:00 - Discussing various private fallout shelters built in Vermilion Parish;
07:20 - germ (biological) warfare;
Interview with Louise Landry and Dave Landry:
13:20 - Personal info;
15:00 - Discussing family members who spoke English;
16:20 - Punishments for speaking French in school;
20:30 - Quitting school for work, had to go back to school since he wasn't 16;
21:15 - Dave describes working in the bakery for John Henke. Eventually started working as an electrician;
20:20 - Experiences in the military - Korea, was drafted and served from 52-54, Highest rank was as Corporal;
25:00 - Worked at Jefferson Island Salt Mine during the strike;
26:30 - Military training in Arkansas
30:00 - People would ask where he was from due to his accent while in training;
31:00 - Working in the oil field and being called a "coonass" and discussing why they don't like the slang;
34:10 - Didn't see any combat during Korea, stayed stateside. Was transferred to Fort Hood in Texas;
38:45 - Not teaching their children French, Louise mentions that they didn't feel a sense of pride for the language until recently;
41:00 - Use of the French language in church;
Interview with Allen Simon
01:45 - Rod Bernard's "Colinda;"
02:30 - La Kalinda dance;
03:45 - Shane's PhD dissertation;
05:30 - Allen was born January 29, 1937;
06:00 - Speaking French in the family, he says they totally lived in French at home in the 40s. English was forbidden;
09:00 - Speaking French in school and learning English;
11:00 - "Creole" meaning;
11:55 - French identity - Would refer to themselves as "French," not Cajun, Acadian, American, etc; "les Americans;"
14:00 - Bombing of Pearl Harbor;
16:00 - Practice drills and rations during the war - cooking oil, fuel, leather, rubber, tires, sugar, etc;
16:30 - Didn't have electricity in their house until the 50s, used kerosene lamps;
20:00 - Finding out about Pearl Harbor via radio;
23:15 - Seeing news clips at the theatres after the movies would finish;
25:00 - News on the radio; "Cousin" Dudley Leblanc;
28:00 - French on the radio;
28:45 - James Domengeaux, Bertrand LeBlanc;
31:40 - LA Department of Education's reaction to the war;
33:40 - Education laws in 1921 and the demise of the French language in LA;
35:30 - Bringing in outsider teachers, punishments for speaking French;
39:30 - French being thought of as low class;
41:00 - Benefits of being bilingual;
43:20 - Lived in Southeast TX for a while and was called a "coonass." Story about standing up for himself when getting picked on;
Interview with Allen Simon
00:30 - Punishments for speaking French - Simon was punished - pinched, had to write lines, had to kneel on rice, etc;
01:15 - Cajun kids had trouble pronouncing "th";
04:00 - Certain schools were less strict with French speakers depending on school leadership;
06:00 - Confidence when speaking English;
06:15 - Camey and Deanna Doucet - Deanna told Allen he sounded much more confident when speaking French;
07:45 - Dudley LeBlanc and Roy Theriot;
08:20 - Catherine Brookshire Blanchet taught kids French skits and songs; Roy Theriot let them perform songs in French on KROF;
10:35 - Allen says he feels that Catherine Blanchet is an unsung heroine in the French preservation movement - She could read and write french, was a music teacher;
12:30 - Catherine would bring a radio into class, would request the radio DJ to play a song and would play it in class to teach songs;
13:30 - Catherine would drive around the area to different schools, Shane talks about an article that he read about her attending a conference in St. Louis;
15:15 - Allen says he was too short of breath to sing and couldn't perform in the quartet, She made Allen jog alongside her car to improve his breathing;
17:30 - Blanchet taught "danses rondes" during lent;
18:25 - Allen was drafted into the service in 1960 while he was in college, his parents didn't want him to go to college, so he paid his way;
19:30 - He worked two jobs and his grades eventually started dropping, was drafted since he didn't keep his grades up;
20:50 - Served in Turkey, says his French got him more places in Europe that French. Started learning basics to the Turkish language;
22:00 - European views of Americans;
23:00 - Being Cajun in the army;
24:25 - CODOFIL, KRVS;
26:50 - James Domengeaux, Dudley LeBlanc;
29:00 - Caricatures of the Cajun people;
30:00 - Discussion about Allen Babineaux's visit to France, his use of older French;
Interview with Allen Simon
00:00 - Outsider views, Hollywood depictions of Cajuns;
01:45 - Justin Wilson, Paul Prudhomme - "Cajun" celebrity popularity
03:00 - Recording tapes in French;
04:50 - Bernard's census research;
08:00 - Simon mentions Horace Trahan's ability to speak and sing in French;
09:30 - Portrayals of Cajuns on TV and in movies - "Big Easy;"
11:30 - Move from the 1950s, originally called "Bayou Folk," title was changed to "Poor White Trash;"
13:00 - Inferiority complex of Cajuns - People being told they "don't speak real French.";
15:00 - Worldwide importance of the French language;
19:00 - Ability to understand other dialects of French
20:30 - Discussing the word "coonass" and its origins
27:00 - Future of Cajun culture;
28:40 - Giving lectures about the French language and Cajun culture;
Interviews with Allen Simon (cont.); Elmo Authement
Interview with Allen Simon - continued:
00:00 - Hillbilly/Country and Western Music on the radio - Grand Ole Opry and Louisiana Hayride;
01:55 - Music clubs - lists bands he'd watch at clubs - Larry Brasso, Warren Storm, Bobby Page, J.B. Terry, etc;
03:15 - French music on records - Joe Falcon "Allons a Lafayette;
04:10 - Allen first got a TV in the mid '50s - TVs were called "boite de portrait"
06:45 - Discusses television's effect on the Americanization of Cajuns
Interview with Elmo Authement - Lafayette, LA
11:15 - They'd never speak French in the school building, but would during recess. If they were caught, they were punished;
13:00 - Attended Cutoff Hight School, moved to Lafayette for college, served in WWII and then settled in Lafayette;
13:30 - Authement Family information;
14:30 - Bernard's research methods - Having local newspapers print letters reaching out to potential interviewees;
15:30 - Background - Born in 1921, Father was Joseph Authement, Mother was Eliska (?) Lafort, started school in 1926;
16:20 - Had learned a bit of English via the radio before he entered school;
17:25 - First days of school - Most teachers were bilingual, all students were native French speakers;
18:55 - Parish to parish differences in punishment for speaking French in school - Was maybe slightly less severe in Lafourche Parish;
20:00 - Description of a punishment for speaking French in schools using a noose;
21:50 - Taught in Carencro, at that point, he never came across policies for punishing French speakers;
22:40 - Bombing of Pearl Harbor - was in his last semester at USL, drafted after graduation, went to Flying Cadet School;
23:45 - Became a radio operator, was able to choose to serve in New Orleans, then was transferred to Brownsville, TX, then to Mexico;
28:15 - Culture shock, changing his speaking accent;
Interviews with Allen Simon (cont.); Elmo Authement
00:30 - Was in the Reserves after WWII, was called to serve in the Korean War - was assigned to troop transport;
01:45 - Worked at Nicholls University starting in 1960, was an LSU Junior college at that point;
02:00 - Nicholls was founded for servicemen who wanted degrees after serving;
03:20 - Nicholls was integrated in 1968;
04:10 - McCarthyism;
05:30 - Rumor that he was rooting out Liberals while he was at Nicholls;
06:30 - Dudley LeBlanc;
07:30 - James Domengeaux;
09:10 - Integrating Nicholls, talking about Native Americans on campus;
10:45 - Authement's involvement in preserving French in LA - Domengeaux, Paul Tate;
11:30 - His role in starting CODOFIL;
14:00 - French in schools - teachers were imported. French started in the 4th grade;
14:55 - Success of the Immersion method
15:30 - Kirby Jambon;
16:00 - Census stats;
17:20 - CODOFIL backlash;
18:45 - Examples of differences between Standard and Louisiana French;
21:00 - Early years of CODOFIL
22:30 - Strategies for teaching French - Says he approves having teachers from different regions, says that different accents will only help;
23:30 - CODOFIL chapters and membership;
27:00 - French speakers in the family;
30:10 - More discussion on James Domengeaux and CODOFIL
Interviews with Elmo Authement (cont.); Ernest Crochet
Interview with Elmo Authement:
00:00 - James Domengeaux;
01:30 - Discussion on the term "coonass." Where did the term come from and when?;
Interview with Ernest Crochet:
04:45 - Ernest Lee Crochet, born November 7, 1918 in Loreauville;
05:05 - Still speaks French at home, learned English at school, doesn't remember punishment for speaking French in school;
07:30 - French in the family;
07:55 - Served in the CCC Camp in 38-39, joined the Navy in 1941, transferred to the reserved after 6 years and also served in Korea;
09:00 - leaving south Louisiana;
10:00 - Says the poeple he served with enjoyed hearing him speak French;
10:40 - Was called "Frenchie," says they made fun of him, but it wasn't malicious. "All in good humor."
12:00 - Served in Casablanca in North Africa, he was able to communicate with them;
13:45 - Culture shock - said he didn't feel it much, only missed the fact that they didn't eat much rice;
16:00 - First hearing about Pearl Harbor;
17:00 - Serving on the submarine - mostly stayed in the Atlantic;
18:10 - Encounters with enemy submarines;
20:25 - They were allowed to take a short leave for a few days every year and could return home;
24:55 - Discussing the term "coonass." Heard it while in the service, also in Texas;
28:00 - Identifying as cajun;
29:00 - other Cajuns he served with;
Interviews with Ernest Crochet (cont,); Elvin Soileau
Interview with Ernest Crochet:
00:00 - Says the Navy brought him all around the world, it helped him communicate and get along with people from other places;
00:55 - Americanization - says he doesn't think the war changed him that much;
01:45 - Embracing the Cajun Culture when he came back home;
03:20 - Serving in Korea in a Communications station, was eventually moved to a station in Japan;
07:40 - Says that airplane crashes were a daily occurrence when he was in Korea;
10:00 - Talks about a crash that happened while serving on an aircraft carrier;
11:30 - Feelings about the Vietnam war and the protests that happened at home;
12:30 - Cold War, McCarthyism;
Interview with Elvin Soileau:
15:25 - Born March 28, 1932 in Belaire Cove;
15:50 - Didn't speak English at all when he started school. Speaking French in school;
16:30 - Most teacher at his school were Cajun, but they were instructed to not let students speak French;
17:00 - Punishments for speaking French in school;
18:15 - Says he picked up English relatively quickly. French was still the language at home and around town;
`8:30 - Types of punishment in school;
22:30 - Attended high school in Ville Platte;
23:20 - Brother's experience in the service in WWII;
26:30 - Discussing when he was drafted into the service;
29:00 - Discussing the term "coonass"
30:30 - "Frenchie"
Interview with Elvin Soileau (cont.); Floyd Soileau; Homer J. "Kirk" Leblanc Jr. (RESTRICTED)
Interview with Elvin Soileau:
00:30 - prairie grass;
01:00 - Native Americans living in the area;
Interview with Floyd Soileau:
04:00 - Cajun music in the 1950s, Floyd's reasons for entering the business and focusing on French music;
05:50 - Eugene Manuel, a jukebox operator, needed records. He brought a tape of the "Manuel Bar Waltz" to Floyd to press;
07:10 - Lawrence Walker, Aldus Roger Austin Pitre, Adam Hebert approached Floyd about recording;
10:00 - Talking about how he started producing. As his catalog grew, the store started doing really well;
12:30 - Reach of his record distribution
12:40 - Vin Bruce, popularity of the accordion down in Terrebonne;
14:40 - "La valse de ma chèrie" was used on a Charles Bronson movie;
16:00 - Media licensing - ""Big Easy;"
17:00 - Keeping French alive in music;
18:30 - New French sounds;
21:00 - Discussing Cajun culture becoming popular;
21:40 - Contracts, artists letters, and royalty statements;
RESTRICTED INTERVIEW
Interview with Homer J. LeBlanc
Interview with Interview with Homer J. "Kirk" Leblanc Jr
RESTRICTED INTERVIEW, DO NOT LINK
Audio doubled, Needs to be edited
Interview with Interview with Homer J. "Kirk" Leblanc Jr
Bernard's notes on previous interview - Tape recorder failure - During their careers in education through the 40s -60s, they never received orders from anyone stating that they should punish children for speaking French, never punished students, and never witnessed other teachers or administrators punish students in Saint Martin Parish;
RESTRICTED INTERVIEW. DO NOT LINK AUDIO.
02:20 - Interview with Pat Broussard born in 1929 in New Iberia:
03:00 - Discipline for speaking French as a student; She never witnessed major punishments at Magnolia Elementary
03:45 - Mentions she never learned to speak French, all of her family did;
04:40 - Father spoke mainly French when growing up, but spoke mostly English in his later years;
05:50 - Teaching in the 1950s - everything was in English by that point. Did have some students who spoke only French at home;
07:45 - Weeks Island School - Held first to eight grade, one teacher for each grade, one P.E. Teacher, one librarian
09:00 - She never punished French speaking students, asked them to speak English at school, but encouraged them to continue speaking French at home;
09:30 - Would give her French speaking students extra one on one attention to help them out;
12:15 - Official English-only policy - She was never given any orders or saw any official notation;
13:30 - French disappearing from the home;
14:20 - CODOFIL enterring schools;
16:10 - Cold War drills in schools;
18:30 - Threat of war at home;
20:30 - Red scare / McCarthyism;
21:55 - Communist activity in Acadiana;
24:00 - Americanism classes;
24:50 - Integration;
27:00 - Reactions of parents;
Tape speed increases towards end
Interview with Pat Delahoussaye Broussard; Ledelle D. "Biggie" Dupuis
Pat Delahoussaye:
00:30 - Thoughts on the Vietnam War;
02:25 - Thoughts on the protesters;
03:45 - hippie culture in New Orleans;
05:50 - Modern conveniences - First got a television in 1953;
07:40 - Violence on television;
08:40 - Air conditioning;
10:50 - Story about her husband installing ceiling fans in her classroom;
13:00 - Outhouses, Indoor plumbing
Ledelle D. "BIggie" Dupuis:
15:30 - "Les Americans;"
17:35 - personal information/background - Jult 12, 1927, Born and raised in Cecilia, family moved to Lafayette at 16;
18:30 - Wanted to finish High School in Cecilia, so stayed with his grandmother. Went to SLI after graduating, Went into the service;
19:30 - Served in the Navy from '45-'46;
23:00 - Leaving home for the first time / culture shock;
28:00 - Discussing how WWII changed the world;
Interview with Ledelle D. "Biggie" Dupuis (cont.)
00:55 - Says that he grew up a lot during his service in the Navy, decided to volunteer instead of being drafted;
03:50 - Was asked if he spoke French or any other languages when he joined the service;
04:15 - Met French soldiers in the Philippines;
05:00 - Speaking French in the military - But did not serve as an interpreter or translator;
07:10 - Says he used his Spanish speaking ability while serving;
07:55 - Cajuns and higher education before WWII;
09:45 - Went back to SLI after the war;
12:30 - Cajuns being called "Frenchie" while serving
13:00 - "coonass;"
14:45 - Graduated in 1948, Began teaching in Cecilia, then eventually started in Special Education in Lafayette;
15:45 - Official memos encouraging speaking English (Discouraging French use) in schools;
17:00 - No punishment for speaking French policy, to his knowledge;
18:30 - Problems with French speaking students, some students had trouble pronouncing the "th" sound;
23:10 - Personal experiences with speaking French in school as a child;
23:40 - Cold War in Acadiana;
29:15 - School drills/fallout shelters;
Interview with Ledelle D. "Biggie" Dupuis (cont.)
00:00 - bomb drills, civil defense workers coming to talk to students, fallout shelters;
00:40 - Teaching Americanism/Citizenship classes;
01:40 - Teaching "Democracy vs. Communism" - was within the American History course;
07:50 - Discussion about the mismanagement of the Cold War;
08:30 - Americanization of Cajuns;
10:30 - Acadian hardships;
13:00 - misconceptions about Cajuns;
14:00 - Discussing the word "coonass;"
16:00 - G.I. Bill;
18:30 - Cost of living/college after the War;
19:45 - Cajuns buying in to the "American Dream in the 50s;
20:30 - Electricity; television and entertainment;
26:25 - First got air conditioning around 1960;
29:25 - Remembers always having automobiles in the family
Interviews with Ledelle D. "Biggie" Dupuis (cont.); Ernest Crochet
Ledelle D. "Biggie" Dupuis:
00:20 - Shame of being Cajun;
01:20 - Other ethnic prejudices;
02:20 - Describing a typical day in his Americanism class;
07:00 - Discussion on American History textbooks;
10:55 - nuclear hysteria;
12:50 - Vietnam/fall of French Indochina;
18:15 - Discussing Vietnam War protesters;
19:20 - hippies;
20:50 - Integration of Northside High School; road to integration; student responses to integration
Ernest Crochet:
29:20 - newspaper article featuring Crochet;
Interviews with Ledelle D. "Biggie" Dupuis (cont.); Ernest Crochet
Ernest Crochet:
00:15 - Was in the C.C.C., then joined the Navy before the U.S. joined WWII
00:55 - Made $1/day in the C.C.C. during the depression
01:25 - Looking for work after the War
02:50 - Interview with Richard Nunez:
03:00 - importance of learning English in the 1930s;
04:10 - Born in 1925 in Lake Arthur, moved to Cow Island - Family moved by wagon;
06:25 - Getting punished for speaking French in school - Forked Island Elementary;
08:40 - Mostly everyone in his area spoke French when he was growing up;
09:00 - Early teaching experience in Krotz Springs - says there was very little French spoken there;
11:30 - Promotions - Working in Carencro, became principal at Montgomery, then Myrtle Place;
12:45 - Punishment for speaking French in school. Was it a state policy?;
15:00 - Still speaks both French and English;
17:00 - Local politics - Arnaudville;
17:50 - Unofficial policy regarding the speaking of french in school - Never received official memos or briefings;
19:30 - The expression "Les Americains;"
20:10 - Cold War/Civil Defense/Tornado drills in school in the 50s;
23:00 - Served in the Navy for WWII, then went into the reserves and rejoined after the war;
24:30 - Cuban Missile Crisis
26:00 - Communism in the region/ Red Scare
29:20 - Curney Dronet
Interviews with Ledelle D. "Biggie" Dupuis (cont.); Ernest Crochet
00:00 - Americanism classes mandated by the school board;
02:20 - Communist propaganda;
04:00 - McCarthyism
05:00 - Possibility of a nuclear attack during the Cold War
05:50 - Ignorance of American history;
08:00 - Defense Education Act - Teachers had more money to spend on textbooks, received additional training;
09:00 - Shane asks about integration in the area - Nunez says there were no issues in Carencro;
11:00 - Service in WWII;
12:15 - Ridicule for being Cajun;
13:30 - First heard the term "coonass" in the mid-1930s;
18:40 - outsiders opinions of Louisiana;
19:10 - feelings about the word "coonass";
23:00 - reflections on life;
25:20 - Was called"Frenchie" when he worked for Sun Oil Co.;
27:00 - Boot Camp
Interview with Judge Allen Babineaux
00:00 - Parents opened a store in the early 30's - Corner of Mills and Gloria Switch Road;
01:15 - regional French dialects;
02:30 - Talks about his grandfather - Educated himself in English and French;
03:30 - Visiting Grand Pré in the early 1960s;
08:25 - Tom Arceneaux and Roy Theriot;
10:00 - influential persons in the Cajun renaissance (1950s era) - Louise Olivier, Jeanne Castille, Anna Belle Kruetz, Ruth Hamilton, Dudley LeBlanc;
11:40 - James Domengeaux
12:55 - Acadiana Bicentennial;
15:30 - introduction of English into daily life;
16:30 - "gentile Acadians";
17:00 - Law careeer - Finished law school in 1950, practiced until 1972 when he was elected judge
17:50 - Elected to the state legislature in 1956;
23:00 - French in the court room;
22:20 - Acadian bicentennial celebration - they rarely used the word Cajun when promoting events;
25:30 - Emmaline LaBiche - Evangeline controversy;
29:45 - Groups working to preserve French in Louisiana prior to CODOFIL
31:00 - First International Acadian Festival
Interview with Judge Allen Babineaux (cont.)
00:40 - Acadian Flag
03:45 - Founding of CODOFIL;
05:30 - The first Acadian International Festival
07:40 - Early CODOFIL meeting that took place at the Lafayette Courthouse, discussing how the organization was formed;
10:45 - CODOFIL - Discussing the early perception that the organization catered more towards standard French over local dialects;
15:20 - Punishment for speaking French in school
16:10 - Served in WWII - Navy in the Pacific, was called "Frenchie";
18:45 - Importance of the G.I. Bill;
20:20 - Continued at S.L.I. after the war in Political Science;
Interviews with Judge Allen Babineaux (cont.) and Mathé Allain
Interview with Judge Allen Babineaux (Continued);
00:00 - William explains why some people didn't like Dudley LeBlanc - Says he was a salesman, was the head of the Anti-Long movement;
02:45 - Arceneaux / LeBlanc dynamic. LeBlanc was more in-touch with the working class people of the area. Both promoted French in the area;
05:45 - Discussing the idea that LeBlanc was using the Cajun culture for personal gain;
06:30 - Association for Louisiana Acadians formed by Dudley, Evangeline Girls;
07:30 - Communism in Acadiana, Acadiana Neuf Group;
09:40 - Vietnam War, protests
Interview with Mathé Allain - April 24, 1998;
12:45 - Jimmy Domengeaux;
14:00 - First Festivals Acadiens (Tribute to Cajun Music) at Blackham Coliseum;
16:15 - French speakers in Louisiana. Mathé mentions she had issues understanding Lafourche Parish French;
17:40 - She arrived in Louisiana in December 1945 to come to school at USL, Became part of the faculty in 1962;
19:00 - Discussing the Academic environment in the 50s at USL - Mathé says it was very open;
20:00 - Talks about an event where a professor (Bill Gardener) offended a student who's father was a well-connected white supremacist;
23:00 - Loyalty of Oath - Amos Simpson declined signing one in the 50s, was not fired;
24:00 - Professor Phil Dur
26:00 - Faculty members who were interested in Louisiana French
27:30 - "Gentile Acadians"
Interviews with Judge Allen Babineaux (cont.) and Richard Nunez
00:25 - Was in CCC Camp before the war;
01:00 - Went into the Navy; He had some trouble getting a job after returning from the war;
02:30 - Interview with Richard Nunez - November 10, 1997 in Lafayette;
04:10 - Born in 1925 in Lake Arthur, TX. Moved to Vermilion Parish near Cow Island by wagon when he was two;
04:40 - Richard's wife joins the interview;
06:25 - Was punished in elementary school for speaking French on the playground - Punishment was to kneel on old shingles;
08:30 - Says all of his peers in school were French speakers;
09:00 - He eventually became a teacher in Krotz Springs;
11:50 - Became a principle at Montgomery Elementary in 1968, then moved to Myrtle Place and J. Wallace James;
13:00 - Shane talks about students being punished for speaking French in school in the 40s and 50s, as late as 1958 in Lake Charles;
14:30 - Richard discusses the point when the English language "clicked" for him;
16:00 - Small-town politics;
17:45 - Punishment for speaking French in schools in the 50s - Nunez says he never received orders to punish students for speaking French;
19:00 - Discussing the term "Américain;"
20:00 - "Duck and Cover" Drills in schools during the Cold War - similar to tornado drills;
22:30 - Had nuclear attack drill training while in the Naval Reserves, was a Lieutenant Commander in the Navy during WWII;
24:30 - Cuban Missile Crisis;
26:00 - Discussing a veterinarian who lived in Abbeville (from Ukraine) who ran for office and was accused of being a communist
26:30 - Dr. Leonpacher was accused of being a spy (He was not, but was suspected because he'd fly a plane;
28:20 - Espionage case in Abbeville - a Junkyard owner had microfilm of waterways in Abbeville;
30:15 - Americanism, Democracy vs. Communism classes in the 50s;