Center for Louisiana Studies Archival Catalog

Interview with Eddie Shuler (cont.):

01:00 - Story about Freddy Fender being arrested in Baton Rouge for possession of Marijuana seeds - was sentenced to 5 years;
02:00 - Talking with the penitentiary about Freddy being let out on work release to record albums;
03:40 - Building a studio inside of the jail food storage warehouse; Backing musicians were other prisoners;
06:00 - Releasing of Freddy's prison recordings;
07:30 - Al Ferrier;
10:00 - Brian Ferrier played at the Louisiana Hayride;
10:25 - Johnny Janot;
12:10 - Gene Terry - "Cindy Lou;"
14:10 - Cookie and the Cupcakes;
14:55 - Yellow Jacket Band;
15:50 - Little Billy Earl - Dolly Parton's uncle;
16:45 - Clarence Garlow;
19:10 - Elton Anderson - "I Love You";
23:40 - Guitar Jr., Katie Webster, Barbara Lynn, ;
25:30 - Katie Webster getting out from her recording contract with J.D. Miller;
26:30 - Producing Phil Phillips' "Sea of Love"
32:50 - Cleveland Crochet
33:05 - Other labels owned by Shuler - Folkstar, Goldband, TEK, Jador, Anla, Tic-Toc;
34:00 - Personal history - Born in Wrightsboro, TX, March 27, 1913;
35:30 - Musical influences - learning to play the saxophone;
37:00 - K-MAR and TEK Publishing;
39:00 - Current projects - Mickey Newman, Cari Gregory,;
40:00 - Studio equipment - Studer 24 Track, DNR Console, Ampex tape recorders;
41:30 - Gene Terry and the Downbeats - "Cindy Lou;"
41:50 - Shuler's sound;
44:30 - More on J. D. Miller;
46:00 - New releases on CD;

Interview with Phil Philips (cont.):
00;00 - Musical influences;
03:00 - Defining Swamp Pop;
05:30 - Racial tensions - playing at white clubs versus black clubs;
11:20 - Preaching and religious beliefs

19:50 - Interview with Sam (S.J.) Montalbano;

20:20 - Name pronunciation and change to Sam Montel for industry purposes;
21:00 - Personal history - Born on February 8, 1937, owned a fruit stand early on;
22:10 - Entry into the music business; 4TA Club
23:15 - Meeting Jimmy Clanton;
26:10 - Playing rock 'n roll;
31:15 - First record on Montel - Lester Robinson;
33:00 - Tour managing for Jimmy Clanton
36:15 - Lester Robinson;
37:45 - John Fred "Shirley;"
38:00 - CYO (Catholic Youth Organization) Teen Dances;
39:45 - Story about Lester Robinson going to Havana, Cuba;
43:00 - Red Stick Publishing Company;
43:30 - Other labels he owned - Michelle, Stephanie, Debbie labels named after his daughters;
44:45 - John Fred changing labels;
45:35 - Use of other studios - Recorded Dale and Grace at La Louisiane

01:01 - musicians in the family;
01:30 - first guitar;
03:18 - broadcast from the feed store;
05:31 - radio show;
07:05 - DJ;
09:22 - slot machines;
10:34 - The Twisters;
12:45 - recording with Floyd Soileau;
13:59 - "This Should go on Forever";
16:51 - leasing the song to Chess Records;
17:40 - a hit song;
18:21 - promotional tour;
18:59 - American Bandstand controversy;
21:29 - on the road;
22:24 - Bill Hall & contract with Mercury;
24:36 - collaborations;
27:28 - second hit;
29:17 - King Karl;
30:35 - payola;
33:52 - recording with Jake Graffagnino;
36:30 - south Louisiana songs/sound;
40:08 - "Sometimes" & "Colinda";
41:15 - Marines;
44:06 - "Colinda";
46:17 - Nashville sound

Interview with Roy Perkins (cont.):
00:20 - "You are on my Mind;" - Recorded at Channel 2 TV Studio in New Orleans, Mel Mallory;
01:00 - "Jack the Cat" - Disc Jockey in New Orleans was shocked that Roy was white when they met;
03:50 - Jazz at the Music Mart;
05:30 - Bobby Page and the Riff Raffs, ;
08:00 - "Hearts of Stone;"
10:00 - Their version of "Jolie Blonde" on Teardrop;
13:20 - Family history - His mother was Acadian and Irish;
16:00 - Collecting records
18:15 - "Here I Am"/"You're Gone;" Backed up by a band called The Spiders - recorded in New Orleans;
20:20 - Recording at Cosimo Matassa's studio;
23:00 - Louis Jordan "Saturday Night Fish Fry;"
24:00 - Recording for Ram Records;
26:30 - Songs recorded for Carol Rachou;
28:05 - Session work for J. D. Miller - Warren Storm "Prisoner Song," Skip Stewart;
30:30 - Oilfield work in the middle east;
31:55 - Recording for Huey Meaux;
32:30 - Joining The Swing Kings - played piano and bass for them; Discussion about the Boogie Kings split;
34:35 - Boogie Kings - "Southland;"
36:20 - He always had a day job, was only a weekend muscian - worked in drafting;
37:30 - Working in the oil field; Talks about a platform explosion;
41:30 - Nickname - The Boogie Boy;
41:40 - Mercury records, Eddie Shular, Goldband Studio;
45:45 - Shelby Singelton;

Interview with Carol Rachou (cont.):

00:30 - Carol tells a story about seeing Shane as a newborn baby;
03:30 - Drug addiction and alcoholism, prescription medication;
05:30 - More discussion about musicians doing drugs and drinking;
08:30 - Carol talks about his use of prescription drugs;
10:25 - Carol talks about his time playing gigs - mainly played sax and trumpet;
11:20 - One son, Carol Jr. plays trumpet;
13:00 - La Louisiane label - Started in 1959. "Sud de la Louisiane" was the first song they released. That's where the label name came from;
14:30 - Carol says he does speak French;
15:50 - Cajun artists recorded - Nathan Abshire, Vin Bruce, Aldus Roger, etc;
17:00 - Mel Mallory, Roy Perkins
19:00 - Talking about different people who recorded in the studio;
24:20 - Arbee Label - Started with Rod Bernard after the Shondells broke up;
28:50 - Shondells recording sessions - Carol talks about how he'd set up the studio to optimize sound;
31:00 - "Etouffée;"
31:40 - Dale and Grace - Group history and discussion about "I'm Leaving it up to You;"
39:50 - John Fred and the Playboys "Judy in Disguise;"
40:30 - Bobby Charles;
42:30 - Success of "I'm Leaving it up to You;"
43:40 - "Stop and Think it Over" Discussing who wrote it. Carol says Jay Randall wrote it;
44:35 - Lil Bob and the Lollipops; Discussing the squeaky kick drum pedal in Bob's recording;

Interview with Guitar Gable;

00:10 - Background information - Born August 17, 1937;
01:00 - Was playing in clubs by the time he was 16 years old - Gypsy T Room in Abbeville;
02:00 - Musicians in the family - His dad played "French Music / LaLa Music" accordion and harmonica;
03:15 - His dad would play house dances with just accordion and rubboard;
04:00 - Taught himself to play guitar when he was 12. His brother also played, but stuck to more of a blues style;
05:50 - His first recording; "Congo Mambo" - Tried working with Eddie Shuler, didn't work. So on their way back home, stopped by J.D. Milller's in Crowley;
08:30 - Bernard Jolivette;
09:25 - Says he could sing well on the bandstand but not in the studio;
10:45 - Started learning on a cheap acoustic guitar, then got a Fender. Also played on a Gretsch for a while;
12:30 - Favorite musicians - B.B. King, Earl King, Fats Domino, Guitar Slim;
13:00 - Artists he worked with - Lazy Lester, Slim Harpo, Skinny Domino, Warren Storm, Bobby Charles, Classie Ballou;
16:00 - Retiring from music after injuring his back and neck in a car accident;
16:30 - Does TV repair work;
17:15 - Last recording - session with Lynn August;
17:30 - The New Lollipops; Camille Bob;
18:15 - Gigs and Touring;
19:30 - Didn't use any special guitar tunings. Just used standard tuning;
21:00 - Other equipment used, didn't care for the tone of his Gretsch;
21:40 - Problems with J. D. Miller - Claiming credit for songs he didn't write;
24:00 - "This Should Go On Forever;" Miller has half writers credit. Gable says the only writing he did was correcting a word or two, here and there;
25:00 - Doesn't make any money or residuals from his recordings;
26:30 - Impersonators;
27:40 - Story about Miller bailing Lazy Lester and Slim Harpo out of jail. He made them record tracks for him in return;
28:40 - Story about a song being stolen from Rod Bernard "Pardon Mr. Gordon;"
31:40 - Racism - Needing escorts, using back doors, stories about issues in Henderson and Catahoula;
33:45 - Problems that Cookie had at Hick's Wagon Wheel Club;
34:15 - One of Lil Bob's musicians got arrested at the Jungle Club;
35:20 - Swamp pop/rhythm and blues - Doesn't consider his music "Swamp Pop;"
37:20 - "Colinda;" Gable says it's a really old song and talks about a few other old French songs;
38:45 - Clifton Chenier, says they played together a few times;
41:10 - Gabriel Jr. - Plays guitar with Lil Bob, Warren Caesar;

Interview with Oran "Doc" Guidry:
42:15 - Background information - Born in April 28, 1918;
43:15 - Musicians in the family - His dad played the fiddle;
44:10 - Ray Guidry is Doc's first cousin;
44:30 - Story about learning to play the fiddle - Was 12 years old;

00:00 - Doc saw Hank Williams perform in a high school gym - as part of Dudley LeBlanc's Hadacol tour;
01:20 - Rod Bernard saw him perform at the Yambilee Festival, mentions they could tell he was inebriated;
03:00 - Doc claims "Jambalaya" was written by Moon Mullican, Papa Cairo wrote the melody as Grand Texas;
04:45 - Studio work with Bill Houtto, Vin Bruce, Happy Fats
06:15 - Recordings made at La Louisiane - solo work, Warren Storm;
07:50 - Carol Rachou would play t-fer with bands to have an excuse to go on the road
08:45 - Discussing his performances in state department tours in Tokyo, Burma, India, Pakistan, Southeast Asia
13:40 - Buck White Band;
16:15 - Doc's wife introduces herself;
16:50 - More discussion on travels with Doc;
19:30 - Visiting the Taj Mahal;
20:20 - Story about how Happy Fats gave "Doc" his nickname;
23:30 - Discussing different versions of "Colinda;"
30:30 - Happy Fats' take on "Colinda;"
31:30 - False credit for "Colinda;"
35:40 - "Madame Young" - Dennis McGee tune, similar to Colinda's melody;
39:30 - La Louisiane re-releasing songs on c.d.;
42:30 - David Rachou taking over the La Louisiane Studio;
43:40 - Discussing Doc's health ailments

01:00 - Born July 11, 1943,
01:15 - Rod started taking guitar lessons from their neighbor, an Army recruiter, Oscar would pick the guitar up occasionally and play on it;
03:00 - Talking about the house he grew up in. Parents told Rod that if he picked enough pecans and saved money, he could get a guitar
04:30 - Their parents eventually got a better guitar when he showed enough interest and talent;
04:50 - Poony Tatman helped them figure out what guitar to buy;
07:00 - Rod's first gig - Blue Room at a feed store;
08:50 - Oscar never toured with Rod, The farthest he went for a gig in Baton Rouge;
10:00 - Moving to Winnie, TX, would play at school talent shows;
10:30 - Huey Meaux was their barber in Winnie. At that point, Huey wasn't in the music business;
11:15 - More about the family's moves back to LA and then back to TX;
12:45 - Learning how to play the upright bass when he was in the 8th grade;
14:10 - Formation of The Twisters - Oscar eventually joined on bass, he was the youngest member;
16:00 - First gig with them was at the community center in Egan;
18:00 - Mischievous things they'd do - Bought some cherry bomb fireworks and would put them into a mailbox;
20:30 - Story about leaving Church Point, running late for a gig. Drove around in a circle and ended up back in Church Point;
22:30 - Skip Stuart; The Original Boogie Kings; The Flames;
26:20 - Auditioning for a job at the Original Pat's in Henderson; Pat didn't like the trombone in their band;
27:00 - Oscar had a knack for leaning to play instruments quickly;
29:00 - High School Band - Learned to play French horn, baritone, coronet;
33:45 - Local clubs;
34:10 - Didn't have a television growing up, listened to radio and records often;
35:00 - Discussing other family member's involvement in music;
37:45 - Building speaker cabinets; Bixby Tailpiece; Speaker enclosures;
40:00 - Gear used for gigs / driving to gigs;

Interview with King Karl (cont.):
00:10 - Playing white clubs;
01:00 - "This Should Go On Forever;"
01:45 - Discussing Rod Bernard's version of the song. After it became successful, Bernard says J.D. Miller released a poor recording (maybe a practice tape) of King Karl singing it;
04:00 - Writing songs with Rod Bernard;
05:45 - Gigs they played - Clubs, Jamborees,
08:25 - Recording with Ernie Young in Nashville - Nesco Label
09:15 - Stage name "King Karl." Used the name Chuck Brown when recording with Young so that they wouldn't have to deal with Miller;
12:00 - Played gigs with Rockin' Bob, Rosco Chenier, C.D. and the Bluerunners;
14:30 - Backed Clifton Chenier for a couple of gigs;
14:55 - Other favorites - Otis Redding, B.B. King, ;
15:45 - Defining the term "Swamp Pop;" He considers himself Rhythm and Blues, not Swamp Pop;
17:00 - Rock 'n' roll vs. rhythm and blues;
18:15 - Playing white clubs - Bernard says he never had much trouble, had one issue in Mamou;
21:00 - J.D. Miller;

27:00 - Interview with Bobby Page:
27:15 - Background - Born in Rayne in December 19, 1938;
27:40 - Early experiences in music - First person to play music in his family. Influenced by Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Fats Domino;
28:40 - High school band - played trombone;
29:15 - Started the Riff Raffs in 1956;
30:25 - Original members of Riff Raffs - Julian Savoy, V.J. Boulet, Howard Ratliff, Bessyl Duhon, Albert Nugent, George Hanks, R.L. Duhon;
31:30 - "Loneliness;"
33:00 - Band history, name, members coming and going;
33:30 - Typical weeks for the band, clubs and cities played;
34:40 - Hip et Taieau; Name explanation - "Calling the dog."
36:00 - Explaining how he got the nickname "Booga;"
37:00 - Bobby B and the Rockers (Bobby Bourque);
40:00 - Potential for reissuing some of the old recordings;
40:30 - Myra Smith;
42:20 - Discussing the term "swamp pop;"
trombone;

Interview with Roland Robin (cont.):
01:00 - Sam Phillips, Sun Records, Holiday Inn Records;
03:30 - Ron Gray - Hannah-Barbara;
05:30 - Regional hits;
08:15 - Diversifying business dealings;
10:00 - Other artists recorded - Dennis Norris, Billy Leadbetter;
12:40 - "Cajun Twist;"
15:40 - Life after the music business - sold his pharmacy in 1969 or 1970, real estate, Restaurants;
20:45 - Paragon Group - Land development business;
24:10 - Ram Records and Myra Smith

26:00 - Star Trek crank call

30:30 - Interview with Gene Terry:
31:00 - Personal info - Terry Gene DeRouen, Born in Lafayette on January 7, 1940, Moved to TX in 1942;
34:20 - Musicians in the family - Father played piano and guitar and his grandfather (Raymond DeRouen) played accordion and fiddle, Uncle (R.C. DeRouen) plays drums;
36:00 - Attended a house dance when he was young
37:00 - Old family violin;
39:30 - Musical offspring - One of his sons was killed in a car wreck in 1983;
41:30 - Influence of Cajun music on his style;
42:20 - Discussing the term "swamp pop;"

00:20 - Background - Born in Seminary, MS in 1940, no relatives played music;
01:25 - Noticed he was musically inclined when he was 12 years old - played in church, father was a preacher;
03:30 - Instruments played - Piano, drums, guitar, bass;
04:20 - Moved to Baton Rouge at age 13 - His father got a job with Sears;
05:00 - Musical influences - Rod Bernard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Elvis Presley also listened to alot of Gospel music;
07:45 - Meeting Jimmy Clanton - was around 1954, they met through music, Dale played some gigs with him;
12:00 - Johnny Rivers , Dale and the Comics;
13:25 - "Lonely Man" Recorded at Cosimo's for Sam Montalbano;
14:00 - John Fred;
15:20 - Sam "S.J." Montalbano - had a music/dance TV show in Baton Rouge in addition to his label and management;
16:45 - Defining "Swamp Pop;"
21:15 - Jimmy Donley, Joe Barry;
22:30 - Dale says he felt Cajun even though he was born in Mississippi;
24:25 - Moved to Texas, formed The El Paso Comics;
25:40 - Moved back to Ferriday, in North Louisiana. Learned some piano with Jerry Lee Lewis, met in the late 50s;
29:30 - Moved back to Baton Rouge, met Grave Broussard in 1963;
30:15 - Odd Jobs - worked construction, played music on nights and weekends, also did iron work;
31:35 - Grace Broussard - Met Grace Broussard through Montel at La Louisiane in Lafayette;
33:20 - Recording "I'm Leaving it up to You" using 30 or 40 minutes of spare studio time; There was no plan for her to record, she was only at the studio as a "date";
37:40 - Huey Meaux's involvment in "I'm Leaving it up to You"; (Tape is cut off);
38:10 - "Stop and Think it Over" went to number 5 on the national charts;
40:30 - "Leaving it up to You" writers - Don Harris and Dewey Terry;
41:30 - rock 'n' roll influences; - Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Rod Bernard, Joe Barry, etc;
42:00 - duo influences - The Everly Brothers;
44:20 - Jay Chevalier;

Interview with John Broven - Takes place at Johnnie Allan's house in Lafayette, LA

00:30 - Background - Born in Maidstone, Kent, November 4 1942, Raised in Ponegate;
01:20 - Education - Was a "war baby." Great emphasis was put on education;
03:20 - Career in banking, recently retired allowing him to follow his musical interests;
07:20 - Writing liner notes, two books, editor of Blues Unlimited Magazine;
10:00 - Early interest in music;
11:55 - Mike Leadbetter, record collecting;
13:20 - American artists on British labels;
16:00 - "This Should Go On Forever" release in the UK;
19:15 - Contact with Eddie Shuler - he sent two boxes of Goldband 45s to England - first Cajun music they ever heard in the UK;
20:15 - Cajun Corner - Newspaper articles;
23:30 - Coining the term "swamp pop;"
28:20 - Defining "Swamp Pop" - "Not just slow ballads with triplets;"
30:00 - Dr. John;
31:20 - Popularity of Swamp Pop in England;
34:50 - Beatles "Oh Darling;"

35:30 - Interview with Harry Simoneaux - May 3, 1992:

35:45 - Swamp Pop definition - "Half Domino, half fais do-do;"
37:35 - Dr. John's definition of Swamp Pop, Three chords and triplets;
39:00 - Joe Carl - Harry worked with him, recorded at J.D. Miller's, discusses their influences;
41:00 - One of his albums was called "Swamp Rock" in the early 1980s;
43:00 - Fats Domino's influence; Harry calls him the originator of Swamp Pop;
43:30 - Bobby Charles - Harry says it's difficult to categorize him;
43:55 - Harry was in the "See You Later, Alligator" session - Took them 30 takes to nail it. Recorded two songs in two days at Cosimo Matassa's;
45:40 - Larry Benicewicz's article;

00:30 - Background - Born August 16, 1936
01:00 - Musicians in the family - Father played fiddle and accordion, mother played guitar. They'd play Creole Dances. Father was a construction worker;
01:35 - Both parents spoke Creole French, Huey never played French music professionally, but would play some songs around the house;
02:00 - Influences - Fats Domino, likes Country and Western music;
03:50 - Born between Welsh and Jennings;
04:30 - French Influence;
05:10 - Forming the Cupcakes;
06:30 - Recording for George Khoury - He said they knew nothing about royalities at that point;
09:50 - Talking more about when he first met that band that would become the Cupcakes - around 1949-50;
10:20 - Contract signed with Eddie Shuler;
11:00 - Discussing how they came up with "Cookie and the Cupcakes" name;
13:10 - "Cindy Lou" recording and release;
15:00 - First "Swamp Pop" band - Shane asks where the sound from "Mathilda" came from;
17:15 - Recorded the original "Mathilda" at KOAK in Lake Charles;
19:20 - "Got You on my Mind"
20:00 - "Belinda"
22:00 - "Twisted" - No writers credit on the record, Cookie wrote it;
24:55 - Working with Shuler and Khoury;
26:25 - Judd label leased "Mathilda" from Khoury, then went bankrupt on the lease. To pay off the band, he gave them a nice bus, but it was broken down;
29:00 - Songs being released overseas without their knowledge;
29:30 - History of the Cupcakes, Cookie was initially a stagehand;
33:00 - Band actually played gigs without Cookie under the same name;
33:40 - Cookie Imposters, Guitar Gable imposter;
34:45 - Cookie moved to California after leaving the band. Worked in a hospital;
38:00 - Rumors that Cookie was killed in a car wreck;
40:00 - Discussing a car accident that he was in;
43:25 - Cupcake reunion - Performed a benefit for a terminally ill band member;
46:20 - Ernest discusses trying to locate Cookie in California;

00:45 - Blues scene in Louisiana in his early days. Most of his blues artists came from Southwest LA and East TX;
03:30 - Lee Baker Jr. "Lonnie Brooks;"
05:30 - Major labels struggled with blues artists. Eddie says recordings were to "slick";
06:00 - Eddie's approach to recording Blues music;
07:20 - Started recording Blues artists before any other genre;
07:50 - James Freeman "Big Leg Mama" from around 1945. Lost masters;
09:00 - Other blues artists recorded - Bill Parker, Clarence Garlow;
11:00 - Recorded his band, The All-Star Reveliers, first;
11:10 - Hackberry Ramblers - their radio show and early Shuler recordings;
13:40 - Guitar Slim and T-Bone Walker - their influence on other artists;
15:40 - Southwest LA blues clubs;
17:50 - "Zydeco Blues" - Marcel Dugas, Rockin' Sidney, Thadius Declouet, Little Latour;
20:20 - Discussing Clifton Chenier and Boozoo Chavis - Boozoo's "Paper in My Shoe" was leased to Imperial and sold 136,000 copies;
21:30 - Lawrence Chenier - Clifton's uncle who taught him;
24:00 - Local Blues clubs;
26:00 - Story about the son of the mayor of New York - Offered to buy a Goldband 45 from a discjockey for $300;
27:45 - Ivory Jackson - Drummer for Cookie and the Cupcakes and for Phil Phillips;
28:20 - Clarence Garlow;
29:19 - Al Smith;
29:30 - "Chicken Stump"
30:20 - Lazy Lester;
31:20 - Ashton Savoy, Katie Webster, Barbara Lynn;
33:30 - Lonesome Sundown
34:00 - "Left-handed" Charlie Morris;
35:20 - Walter Price;
36:00 - Little Miss Peggy, Bill Parker, Cal Miller, Little Latour;
42:00 - Joe Turner's influence;

Interview with Dalton Comeaux (cont.):
00:40 - Continued teaching in Africa - Made five short trips to train them for beef cattle production and dairy production;
02:00 - One of his students came back to the states, went to Texas A&M and got his Master's degree a Ph.D. in two years;
04:00 - Finished high school in 1939 and started at U.S.L.;
05:10 - Was the second sibling in his family to graduate from college;
06:00 - Joined the Army, went to Cheyenne, Wyoming for basic training
07:55 - Had a brother who died in the service during an invasion near Tunisia;
09:00 - Adjusting to being far away from home;
12:00 - 89th Division - Duties as T/5;
14:50 - French background;
15:50 - Medical discharge - Got some kind of ear infection that led to a hearing loss;
08:00 - Dalton's wife Evelyn joins the conversation;
18:30 - Evelyn started teaching English in 1942 and was a part-time librarian;
19:00 - Started at Thibodeaux High
19:20 - French speaking students - says she had some, but not as many as the Opelousas;
20:20 - She says there was no pressure from the state to not allow French on the school grounds at the point;
20:50 - French at home;
21:20 - learned Standard French - 2 years in high school, 2 years in college;
22:15 - Got her Master's in Library Science at LSU;
23:00 - integrating Opelousas High students and teachers - Some picketers were blocking the entire entrance;
24:45 - Protests at school board meeting;
27:00 - Teachers being reassigned;
32:50 - Moved to Saint Landry Parish in 1946, she took off work for 3-4 years, then started teaching in Washington, LA
33:00 - Problems at Washington High in 1954 - Assistant Principal thought that the school was too progressive;
38:00 - Culture shock;
39:25 - Changing attitudes towards Cajuns;
40:45 - Evelyn's heritage - Toups family;
42:30 - Was in charge of beef and dairy cattle enterprises in Saint Landry Parish
43:45 - Using bi-planes for seeding rice fields;
44:20 - Technology in agriculture - Insect control

00:00 - Being stationed in Scotland for training;
01:10 - Being debriefed on situation going on in France, they had to know the French language for this;
02:10 - Description of OSS teams and their jobs;
05:30 - Was assigned to the 4th armored division;
07:40 - Description of tasks - Provided security for Patton's convoys, guarded POWs, provided intelligence;
09:00 - Returning to U.S. for training and then was deployed to French Indochina - trained people over there for espionage work;
10:00 - End of the war; returning home;
10:30 - State of education before WWII;
11:35 - Studied Geology at LSU, had not graduated by the time he was called to duty;
12:10 - Never registered for the Draft because he was an ROTC cadet;
12:50 - His family owned the first radio in Abbeville, Only station they caught was WWL;
15:00 - Robert LeBlanc's background - Born north of Erath in 1921, moved to Abbeville when his father went work at the Accessor's office;
15:30 - Charles Donald Frederick's death at Pearl Harbor;
18:30 - Glen Conrad and Carl Brasseaux's definitions of Cajun and Creole;
20:00 - LeBlanc talks about joining the service after Pearl Harbor;
23:20 - Response to the Pearl Harbor attack;
24:45 - LeBlanc spoke very little English when he started grade school. He discusses learning English in school;
25:55 - He was never punished for speaking French, but talks about how other students were punished;
29:30 - Hiring of non-local, non-French speaking teachers;
31:30 - Discussing how bilingualism is valuable;
32:25 - Shame felt for not being able to speak English;
35:00 - Americanization;
35:45 - LeBlanc telling a story about having dinner with some French people, he used the word "asteur" which caught the ear of the older people;
40:20 - Culture shock when entering the service;
43:30 - Slang from different regions
44:15 - "Frenchie" nickname; name mispronunciation

Interview with Dronet and Leblanc (cont.):
00:30 - Contingency plans for Vermilion Parish in case of nuclear war;
00:50 - Fallout shelters;
02:30 - Nuclear drills for local officials
04:00 - Discussing various private fallout shelters built in Vermilion Parish;
07:20 - germ (biological) warfare;

Interview with Louise Landry and Dave Landry:
13:20 - Personal info;
15:00 - Discussing family members who spoke English;
16:20 - Punishments for speaking French in school;
20:30 - Quitting school for work, had to go back to school since he wasn't 16;
21:15 - Dave describes working in the bakery for John Henke. Eventually started working as an electrician;
20:20 - Experiences in the military - Korea, was drafted and served from 52-54, Highest rank was as Corporal;
25:00 - Worked at Jefferson Island Salt Mine during the strike;
26:30 - Military training in Arkansas
30:00 - People would ask where he was from due to his accent while in training;
31:00 - Working in the oil field and being called a "coonass" and discussing why they don't like the slang;
34:10 - Didn't see any combat during Korea, stayed stateside. Was transferred to Fort Hood in Texas;
38:45 - Not teaching their children French, Louise mentions that they didn't feel a sense of pride for the language until recently;
41:00 - Use of the French language in church;

00:30 - Punishments for speaking French - Simon was punished - pinched, had to write lines, had to kneel on rice, etc;
01:15 - Cajun kids had trouble pronouncing "th";
04:00 - Certain schools were less strict with French speakers depending on school leadership;
06:00 - Confidence when speaking English;
06:15 - Camey and Deanna Doucet - Deanna told Allen he sounded much more confident when speaking French;
07:45 - Dudley LeBlanc and Roy Theriot;
08:20 - Catherine Brookshire Blanchet taught kids French skits and songs; Roy Theriot let them perform songs in French on KROF;
10:35 - Allen says he feels that Catherine Blanchet is an unsung heroine in the French preservation movement - She could read and write french, was a music teacher;
12:30 - Catherine would bring a radio into class, would request the radio DJ to play a song and would play it in class to teach songs;
13:30 - Catherine would drive around the area to different schools, Shane talks about an article that he read about her attending a conference in St. Louis;
15:15 - Allen says he was too short of breath to sing and couldn't perform in the quartet, She made Allen jog alongside her car to improve his breathing;
17:30 - Blanchet taught "danses rondes" during lent;
18:25 - Allen was drafted into the service in 1960 while he was in college, his parents didn't want him to go to college, so he paid his way;
19:30 - He worked two jobs and his grades eventually started dropping, was drafted since he didn't keep his grades up;
20:50 - Served in Turkey, says his French got him more places in Europe that French. Started learning basics to the Turkish language;
22:00 - European views of Americans;
23:00 - Being Cajun in the army;
24:25 - CODOFIL, KRVS;
26:50 - James Domengeaux, Dudley LeBlanc;
29:00 - Caricatures of the Cajun people;
30:00 - Discussion about Allen Babineaux's visit to France, his use of older French;

Interview with Allen Simon - continued:
00:00 - Hillbilly/Country and Western Music on the radio - Grand Ole Opry and Louisiana Hayride;
01:55 - Music clubs - lists bands he'd watch at clubs - Larry Brasso, Warren Storm, Bobby Page, J.B. Terry, etc;
03:15 - French music on records - Joe Falcon "Allons a Lafayette;
04:10 - Allen first got a TV in the mid '50s - TVs were called "boite de portrait"
06:45 - Discusses television's effect on the Americanization of Cajuns

Interview with Elmo Authement - Lafayette, LA
11:15 - They'd never speak French in the school building, but would during recess. If they were caught, they were punished;
13:00 - Attended Cutoff Hight School, moved to Lafayette for college, served in WWII and then settled in Lafayette;
13:30 - Authement Family information;
14:30 - Bernard's research methods - Having local newspapers print letters reaching out to potential interviewees;
15:30 - Background - Born in 1921, Father was Joseph Authement, Mother was Eliska (?) Lafort, started school in 1926;
16:20 - Had learned a bit of English via the radio before he entered school;
17:25 - First days of school - Most teachers were bilingual, all students were native French speakers;
18:55 - Parish to parish differences in punishment for speaking French in school - Was maybe slightly less severe in Lafourche Parish;
20:00 - Description of a punishment for speaking French in schools using a noose;
21:50 - Taught in Carencro, at that point, he never came across policies for punishing French speakers;
22:40 - Bombing of Pearl Harbor - was in his last semester at USL, drafted after graduation, went to Flying Cadet School;
23:45 - Became a radio operator, was able to choose to serve in New Orleans, then was transferred to Brownsville, TX, then to Mexico;
28:15 - Culture shock, changing his speaking accent;